743. Network Delay Time
Posted Updated LeetCode / Medium / 复习5 minutes read (About 773 words)

743. Network Delay Time

Question

You are given a network of n nodes, labeled from 1 to n. You are also given times, a list of travel times as directed edges times[i] = (u<sub>i</sub>, v<sub>i</sub>, w<sub>i</sub>), where u<sub>i</sub> is the source node, v<sub>i</sub> is the target node, and w<sub>i</sub> is the time it takes for a signal to travel from source to target.

We will send a signal from a given node k. Return the time it takes for all the n nodes to receive the signal. If it is impossible for all the n nodes to receive the signal, return -1.

Solution

Dijkstra算法

此题可以转化为求起始节点到最远距离的节点的距离。单源最短路径问题，可以采用Dijkstra算法。

采用一个visited[]数组记录初始节点的访问状况。
同时dist[]数组记录到达这一节点的最小距离，初始化为无限大。

进行BFS搜索，每次优先访问当前节点的子节点的最近子节点，并更新子节点与初始节点距离。
最后遍历dist[]数组，如果有元素仍为无限大，则BFS搜索未遍历到，返回-1。
否则返回数组内最大的距离即可。

建立映射

首先通过哈希表，将起始节点与有向边建立起映射关系。列表中储存子节点和对应边上的权值。
注意由于index是-1的，因此在组成列表时需要将当前数字减一。

优先级队列

采用优先级队列组成小根堆，每次将当前的最小距离作为权值加入队列。
初始化队列时需要将起始节点（k-1）放入，此时的总距离为0。

当当前的子节点的cost加上起始节点的距离小于子节点的最小距离时，更新子节点最小距离。
同时将子节点当前最小距离作为比较对象传入优先级队列。

Code

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class Solution {
    public int networkDelayTime(int[][] times, int n, int k) {
        HashMap<Integer, List<int[]>> edges = new HashMap<>(); 
        
        for(int[] time : times){    //建立有向边
            int source = time[0] - 1, kid = time[1] - 1, cost = time[2];    //注意index需要-1
            List<int[]> list = edges.getOrDefault(source, new ArrayList<>());
            list.add(new int[]{kid, cost});    //建立起点——终点映射
            edges.put(source, list);
        }
        
        int[] visited = new int[n];
        int[] dist = new int[n];
        Arrays.fill(dist, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
        
        PriorityQueue<int[]> pq = new PriorityQueue<>((a,b) -> a[1] - b[1]);    //优先级队列，最小堆每次访问距离最近的节点
        
        int start = k-1;
        dist[start] = 0;
        pq.offer(new int[]{start, 0});  //start为初始节点，后面的距离为了实现优先级队列
        
        while(!pq.isEmpty()){
            int[] curr = pq.poll();
            int source = curr[0];

            if(visited[source] == 1) continue;
            visited[source] = 1;
            
            List<int[]> children = edges.getOrDefault(source, new ArrayList<>());   //获取当前起点的所有边
            for(int[] child : children){
                int kid = child[0], cost = child[1];
                
                if(cost + dist[source] < dist[kid]){    //如果新的距离小于之前的最小距离，则更新距离并将新的起点加入优先级队列
                    dist[kid] = cost + dist[source];
                    pq.offer(new int[]{kid, dist[kid]});    //更新的距离是从出发节点到当前节点的距离，每次优先访问最近的节点
                }
            }
        }
        
        int res = 0;
        
        for(int d : dist){  //最后遍历，距离的最大值就是结果
            res = Math.max(res, d);
        }
        return res == Integer.MAX_VALUE ? -1 : res;
    }
}
Posted Updated LeetCode / Medium / 复习3 minutes read (About 409 words)

1631. Path With Minimum Effort

You are a hiker preparing for an upcoming hike. You are given heights, a 2D array of size rows x columns, where heights[row][col] represents the height of cell (row, col). You are situated in the top-left cell, (0, 0), and you hope to travel to the bottom-right cell, (rows-1, columns-1) (i.e., 0-indexed). You can move up, down, left, or right, and you wish to find a route that requires the minimum effort.

A route’s effort is the maximum absolute difference in heights between two consecutive cells of the route.

Return the minimum effort required to travel from the top-left cell to the bottom-right cell.

A*算法，启发式搜索。BFS搜索结合Priority Queue。
采用一个数组储存当前访问点的位置，以及其effort。
采用优先队列，优先搜索effort最小的方向。
每次循环倾倒出队列中所有的元素。
计算上一个节点和当前节点的差值作为nextEffort，并和上一个节点的effort作比较，较大的作为当前节点的effort，
将effort作为权重，优先搜索一个层级内effort较小的路径。
将所有操作加入队列，并排除越界的位置。
当当前节点为最后一个节点时，返回其effort。

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class Solution {
    int min;
    public int minimumEffortPath(int[][] heights) {
        int[][] operations = {{1,0},{-1,0},{0,1},{0,-1}};
        int m = heights.length, n = heights[0].length;
        
        Queue<int[]> q = new PriorityQueue<>((a, b) -> a[2] - b[2]);
        int[] point = {0, 0, 0};
        int size = 1;
        int[][] visited = new int[m][n];
        
        q.add(point);
        while(!q.isEmpty()){
            
            for(int k = 0; k < size; k++){
                int[] curr = q.poll();
                int i = curr[0], j = curr[1], currEffort = curr[2];
                if(visited[i][j] == 1) continue;
                visited[i][j] = 1;
                if(i == m-1 && j == n-1) return currEffort;
                for(int[] operation : operations){
                    int nextX = i + operation[0];
                    int nextY = j + operation[1];
                    if(nextX < 0 || nextY < 0 || nextX >= m || nextY >= n) continue;
                    int nextEffort = Math.max(currEffort, Math.abs(heights[i][j] - heights[nextX][nextY]));
                    int[] next = {nextX, nextY, nextEffort};
                    
                    q.add(next);
                }
            }
            size = q.size();
        }
        return -1;
    }
}
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